Economy of Agricultural and Processing Enterprises, 2022, No 10
Contents
AGRARIAN ECONOMIC POLICY
Petrikov
A.V. – Rural local economy: specifics and actual problems
of development in Russia (p. 2-8)
Minakov
I.A. – Directions and effectiveness of state support of
the agrarian economy (p. 9-15)
Butyrin
V.V., Karapotkin O.G., Platonovskiy
N.G. – Losses in the agro-food sector of Russia and the
possibility of their reduction (p.
16-24)
AIC ENTERPRISES IN MARKET ECONOMY
Saraykin
V.A. – Assessment of the impact of productive longevity of
cows on milk production and methane emissions into the environment in
accordance with the concept of a low-carbon economy (p. 25-32)
Kvochkin
A.N., Kvochkina V.I.
– The potential of increasing the production of cattle meat due to the
inclusion in the turnover of unused natural forage lands (p. 33-37)
Jurk
N.A. – Assessment and identification of environmental
aspects in food production within the environmental management system (p. 38-42)
INNOVATIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Paptsov
A.G., Sokolova Zh.E. – Global innovative developments related to renewable energy in the
scope of modern agrifood systems energy requirements (p. 43-54)
Semin
A.N., Iovlev G.A.
– Adaptation of rural mechanizers to innovative
economic conditions (p. 55-61)
FINANCES
AND CREDIT
Ovsyanko
L.A., Shelkovnikov S.A., Chepeleva
K.V. – Processing of oilseeds in agricultural
organizations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the choice of tax strategy (p. 62-71)
BUSINESS
ENTITIES: PROBLEMS AND PRACTICES
Goncharov
V.D. – Farming and households of the population in ensuring
food security (p. 72-78)
DOI 10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-2-8
p. 2-8
Original
article
Rural local economy: specifics and actual
problems of development in Russia
Alexander V.
Petrikov
A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal Scientific
Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia
Abstract. In the context of a new
geopolitical crisis, when global markets are working intermittently, the
importance of regional and local economies is increasing. The local economy is
characterized by relatively small volumes of economic turnover, their
localization on a small territory (economic ties are largely established
between local producers and consumers), the use of mainly internal development
resources. This increases its sustainability and economic importance,
especially in rural areas. The article examines the specifics of the rural
local economy through the characteristics of its most important socio-economic functions: ensuring food
security of the country, region, municipality, rural households; meeting the
growing consumer demand for high-quality, including organic food; preserving the biodiversity of agrobiocenoses; reproduction of folk material and spiritual
culture, cultural diversity of the country; increasing employment and the
income of the rural population. The conclusion is substantiated that without
the organization of an effective local economy, sustainable development of
rural areas is not possible. Special attention in the article is paid to small
business in agriculture. The tendencies of its development over the past five
years are analyzed; the ways of solving the accumulated problems are
substantiated.
Keywords: local economy, sustainable
development of rural areas, agrarian policy, agricultural organizations,
peasant (farmer) farms, individual entrepreneurs, personal subsidiary farms,
the role of small business in the economy, subsidies, loans
Information
about the author:
A.V. Petrikov – Academician of RAS, PhD (Economics), Professor,
Head of A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of FSBSI FRC
VNIIESH
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-9-15
p. 9-15
Original article
Directions and
effectiveness of state support of the agrarian economy
Ivan A. Minakov
Michurinsk State Agrarian University,
Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russia
Abstract. The system of state support of the agrarian
economy (the amount of budget allocations from the federal budget, directions,
measures and effectiveness), which contributed to the increase in the production
of agricultural products and allowed to reach the threshold value of indicators
of food independence for many food products with the exception of milk,
potatoes, vegetables and fruits, is considered. It is noted that the production
of agricultural products is carried out using imported material and technical
resources, the share of which is slowly decreasing. The proposals for improving
budget support for industries producing import-substituting products and means
of production for agriculture, small forms of management, especially personal
subsidiary farms, the development of the storage base of agricultural products
in the places of its production are substantiated.
Keywords: agrarian economy, the volume of budget
allocations, efficiency, food independence, directions and measures of state
support
Information
about the author:
I.A. Minakov – PhD (Economics), Professor (ekapk@yandex.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 29.07.2022, approved after reviewing
and corresponding author’s revision on 17.08.2022, accepted for publication on
29.08.2022
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-16-24
p. 16-24
Original article
Losses in the
agro-food sector of Russia and the possibility of their reduction
Vasiliy
V. Butyrin1, Oleg G. Karapotkin2, Nikolay
G. Platonovskiy3
1,3Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
2Moscow State Institute of International
Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian
Federation, Moscow, Russia
Abstract. The article deals with the problem of food
losses and food waste at various stages of production and distribution chains
as an integral part of global food and environmental problems, including its
manifestation in the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The relevance of
studying this topic is due to insufficient attention to it in our country from
both the state and society. At the same time, food losses negatively affect the
economy and the environment. The paper clarifies the concepts of “food losses”
and “food waste”. Based on the analysis of research results and assessment of
food losses, the causes of their occurrence are identified, as well as the main
factors of the formation of food waste at the stages of marketing of food
products are analyzed. Possible options for reducing losses and waste in the
agro-food complex of the agro-industrial complex of Russia are proposed on the
basis of: coordinating the work of government and business in this area;
implementing investment projects to create the necessary infrastructure to
avoid losses at the stages of production, transportation and storage of
products; minimizing waste and loss of products with expiring shelf life due to
technological and organizational solutions; attracting public attention and
strengthening educational work in all layers of society, primarily among
children and youth.
Keywords: global food problem, sustainable development
goals, food products, supply chain, food losses, food waste, environmental
damage, agro-food complex, Russia
Information
about the authors:
V.V. Butyrin – PhD (Economics), Professor
(v.butyrin@rgau-msha.ru)
O.G. Karapotkin – Student (karapotkin-oleg@yandex.ru)
N.G. Platonovskiy – PhD (Economics), Associate Professor
(platonovsky@rgau-msha.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 03.04.2022, approved after reviewing
and corresponding author’s revision on 22.08.2022, accepted for publication on
29.08.2022
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-25-32
p. 25-32
Original article
Assessment of the
impact of productive longevity of cows on milk production and methane emissions
into the environment in accordance with the concept of a low-carbon economy
Valeriy
A. Saraykin
A.A. Nikonov VIAPI, branch of Federal
Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH, Moscow, Russia
Abstract. The paper considers the influence of the
longevity of cows and their productivity on the quantitative indicators of
methane emissions from dairy cattle. The following indicators were calculated:
indicators of the size of the repair herd with different culling coefficients
of young animals and the terms of use of cows; milk production volumes with
different age structure of the main herd; average duration of productive
longevity of cows in lactation with different values of average annual cow
culling coefficients; average milk yield per head of dairy cattle herd and
methane yield per kilogram of milk produced. Based on the results obtained,
conclusions are drawn and proposals are made in the direction of reducing
methane emissions in dairy cattle breeding.
Keywords: dairy cattle breeding, methane emission,
productive longevity of cows, intensity of use of cows, repair young, average
annual cow culling coefficient, specific methane yield
Information
about the author:
V.A. Saraykin – PhD (Economics), Professor, Chief Researcher
(svalera@viapi.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 22.08.2022, approved after reviewing
on 24.08.2022, accepted for publication on 29.08.2022
DOI 10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-33-37
p. 33-37
Original article
The potential of increasing
the production of cattle meat due to the inclusion in the turnover of unused
natural forage lands
Alexander N.
Kvochkin1, Valentina I. Kvochkina2
1,2Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Tambov region, Russia
Abstract. The article discusses the possibilities of
increasing the production of cattle meat. The area of unused natural forage
lands in five regions of the Central Chernozem
Economic Region and their fodder potential for the development of beef cattle
breeding is estimated. The potential of increasing beef production has been
assessed, primarily in small-scale farms and rural households with a herd of
cows.
Keywords: food security, beef cattle breeding, small
farming, natural forage lands
Information
about the authors:
A.N. Kvochkin – PhD (Economics), Associate Professor
(kvochkin068@gmail.com)
V.I. Kvochkina – PhD (Economics), Associate Professor
(kvviv@yandex.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 01.06.2022, approved after reviewing
14.06.2022, accepted for publication on 20.06.2022
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-38-42
p. 38-42
Original article
Assessment and
identification of environmental aspects in food production within the
environmental management system
Natalia A. Jurk
Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education «Omsk State
Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk,
Russia
Abstract. The solution of the problem of environmental
pollution can be facilitated by the introduction of elements of an
environmental management system in modern enterprises in accordance with the
requirements of international standards ISO 14000. This paper reflects the
features of the implementation of environmental management in the conditions of
an existing enterprise for the production of bakery products. When assessing
the emissions arising in the technological process of bakery products
production, it was found which of them require particularly close attention.
The identified negative environmental aspects, which are included in the area
of unacceptable risk, must be strictly controlled at the enterprise. A list of
environmental aspects of production has been compiled, indicating the sources
of their occurrence, the technological operation and the degree of impact
during the operation of the enterprise. The presented monitoring system allows
you to visually coordinate the process of managing environmental aspects in the
production of bakery products at the enterprise. The use of elements of the
environmental management system will reduce the impact of harmful emissions on
the environment or minimize them.
Keywords: environmental management system, environmental
aspect, environmental impact, assessment, production, bakery products
Information about the author:
N.A. Jurk – PhD (Engineering), Associate
Professor (na.yurk@omgau.org)
The article was submitted to the editorial office on 15.08.2022,
approved after reviewing and corresponding author’s revision on 05.09.2022,
accepted for publication on 08.09.2022
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-43-54
p. 43-54
Original article
Global innovative
developments related to renewable energy in the scope of modern agrifood systems energy requirements
Andrey G.
Paptsov1, Zhanna E. Sokolova2
1,2Federal Scientific Center of Agrarian Economy
and Social Development of Rural Areas - VNIIESkH,
Moscow, Russia
Abstract. Global agrifood
system (AFS) today is one of the largest and most diversified energy consumers,
since it is actually a reduced copy of the world economic system. Like other
sectors of the world economy, technologies based on the renewable are
penetrating rapidly the AFSs. This is a global trend however throughout leading
economies the AFSs are still highly dependence on conventional and
non-renewable energy sources. The article provides estimates of energy
consumption volume in global AFS. The outperformance of renewable electricity
production by country is demonstrated, as well as renewable energy share in certain
areas of the AFS. The main part of the article associated with the analysis of
innovative efforts aimed at increasing the competitiveness of modern renewables. The carried out analysis mainly concentrates
upon the technologies of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy, since this
area of renewable energy is currently predominant and is considered as the most
promising. The cost factors of solar converters are investigated in the context
of various innovative materials usage and the energy efficiency of various
systems. Modern innovative approaches to a comprehensive assessment of the
comparative competitiveness of the renewables, taking
into account environmental and social externalities, are considered. The final
part of the article covers one of the most important current problems for
renewable energy – progress in electricity accumulation efficiency, on which
the diversity and number of individual end users of the renewables
depend most significantly.
Keywords: agrifood (agri-food, agrofood) system,
agriculture, food industry, energy consumption, energy saving, energy
accumulation (storage), electricity, efficiency (efficiency factor), renewables, modern (new) renewables,
solar energy, wind energy, photovoltaic conversion, solar batteries (panels, PV
cells), innovative materials, environmental and social externalities, green
jobs, levelized (levelised)
cost of energy (electricity), minimum sustainable price, Energy Payback Time(
EPBT)
Highlights: - an assessment of
volume and structure of energy consumption in the global AFS is given;
-the global trend of reducing the energy intensity in global economy,
agriculture and food industry is demonstrated;
-the advanced development of electricity production based on modern
innovation–oriented renewables (primarily
photovoltaic transformation of solar energy) in the global electrical balance
is justified;
- renewables’ role by
country in agriculture, food industry and sectors of the economy that are important
for AFS has been determined;
- price dynamics, efficiency of use and payback
of various innovative types of solar panels for solar energy conversion are
analyzed;
- the importance of an integrated innovative approach
envisaging factor of social and environmental externalities in determining the
competitiveness of the renewables is proved;
-the priority of future use of lithium–ion batteries for the large-scale
development of solar and wind energy is justified.
Information
about the authors:
A.G. Paptsov – Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Doctor of Economics, Professor, Director of the FSBSI FRC AESDRA VNIIESH (info@vniiesh.ru)
Zh.E. Sokolova, Doctor of Economics, Chief Researcher
(sje.ciitei@vniiesh.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 06.09.2022, approved after reviewing
on 12.09.2022, accepted for publication on 13.09.2022
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-55-61
p. 55-61
Original article
Adaptation of rural mechanizers to innovative economic conditions
Alexander N.
Semin1, Grigory A. Iovlev2
1Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
of Higher Education «Ural State Economic University», Yekaterinburg, Russia
2Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
of Higher Education «Ural State Agrarian University», Yekaterinburg, Russia
Abstract. Agriculture is developing on the basis of the
introduction of innovative technologies and the use of modern highly efficient
equipment. The processes of modernization of the machine and tractor fleet are
being carried out. Agricultural machinery (tractors, combine harvesters, forage
harvesters, seeders and plows, various trailed and mounted equipment, etc.) is
becoming noticeably more complex towards the use of information technology,
electronics in automatic control systems, expanding functions, creating
comfortable working conditions for employees. The article gives a brief
description of the applied innovative technologies in crop and livestock
industries. The main directions hindering the development and introduction of
new high-performance agricultural machinery are outlined. On concrete examples and
research results in the agro-industrial complex of the Sverdlovsk region, it is
shown which age groups of machine operators who graduated from various
educational institutions and courses prefer to work on one or another
technique, how quickly they adapt to ultra-modern technology. The qualitative
composition of the mechanical personnel has been specified. Specific
recommendations are given on the formation of the machine and tractor fleet and
the establishment of the optimal life of tractors.
Keywords: agriculture, mechanization personnel, new
equipment, machine and tractor fleet, innovations, modernization, adaptation,
optimization
Information
about the authors:
A.N. Semin – PhD (Economics), Professor, Academician of RAS, Honorary
Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation
(aleks_ural_55@mail.ru)
G.A. Iovlev – PhD (Economics), Associate Professor
(gri-iovlev@yandex.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 06.08.2022, approved after reviewing on
15.08.2022, accepted for publication on 17.08.2022
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-62-71
p. 62-71
Original article
Processing of
oilseeds in agricultural organizations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the
choice of tax strategy
Lidia A.
Ovsyanko1, Sergey A. Shelkovnikov2, Kristina V. Chepeleva3
1,3Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University,
Krasnoyarsk, Russia
2Novosibirsk State Agrarian University,
Novosibirsk, Russia
Abstract. The article assesses the feasibility and
effectiveness of the project for the processing of oilseeds, the industrial
production of vegetable oils and feed products in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The results of a marketing study of the oil and fat products market and a
positioning option for an unconventional group of vegetable oils are presented.
The analysis of the financial and economic activities of the leading enterprise
of the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, specializing in
breeding, production and sale of elite seeds of wheat, barley, oats, was
carried out; the prospects for organizing the production of oilseeds processing
on its basis were determined. The connection of the project with the need to
achieve the strategic goal of the region in meeting the needs of the population
in locally produced products and a complex socio-economic effect (jobs, tax
deductions) is reflected. The costs of the project and the main financial and
economic performance indicators are presented. Options for taxation in the
implementation of a project for the processing of oilseeds are considered, and
the tax burden is determined. Directions for optimizing taxation and improving
the financial results of economic activity in the implementation of a project
for the processing of oilseeds are proposed. It is proved that for the leading
enterprise of the agro-industrial complex of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, when
implementing a project for the processing of oilseeds, it is advisable to apply
the general taxation system.
Keywords: oilseeds, vegetable oils, project, processing,
financial and economic indicators, taxation, optimization, tax burden,
efficiency, unified agricultural tax, general taxation system, Krasnoyarsk
Territory
Acknowledgements: the project “The effectiveness of the use of various
types of taxation systems by agricultural organizations of the Krasnoyarsk
Territory” was implemented with the support of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Science
Foundation.
Information
about the authors:
L.A. Ovsyanko – PhD (Economics), Associate Professor (lidiya-ovs@mail.ru)
S.A. Shelkovnikov – PhD (Economics), Professor
(shelkovnikov1@rambler.ru)
K.V. Chepeleva – PhD (Economics), Associate Professor(kristychepeleva@mail.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 12.08.2022, approved after reviewing
on 01.09.2022, accepted for publication on 05.09.2022
DOI
10.31442/0235-2494-2022-0-10-72-78
p. 72-78
Original article
Farming and
households of the population in ensuring food security
Vladimir D. Goncharov
A.A. Nikonov VIAPI – branch of the FSBI FNC
VNIIESH, Moscow, Russia
Abstract. The article shows the role of farming and
households of the population in solving the problem of food security of the
country. The analysis of the current level of agricultural production in small
forms of management is given and measures to improve the country’s food
security are proposed.
Keywords: farming, population farms, food security, crop
production, animal husbandry, acreage, contract system
Information
about the author:
V.D. Goncharov – PhD (Economics), Professor, Chief Researcher
(viapi@mail.ru)
The article
was submitted to the editorial office on 16.09.2022, approved after reviewing
and corresponding author’s revision on 27.09.2022, accepted for publication on
28.08.2022